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Full Hybrid
System
In
a Full Hybrid two additional main components are added,
the Generator and Power Split Derive. The Generator
converts mechanical energy from the engine to electricity
which can be used by the electric motor or stored in
the battery. It is also used to start the gasoline engine
instantly when needed.
 The
Power Split Device is a gear box connecting the gasoline
engine, generator, and electric motor. It allows the
engine and motor to power the car independently or in
tandem and allows the gasoline engine to charge the
batters or provide power to the wheels as needed.
Full
hybrids use a gasoline engine as the primary source
of power, and an electric motor provides additional
power when needed. In addition, full hybrids can use
the electric motor as the sole source of propulsion
for low-speed, low-acceleration driving, such as in
stop-and-go traffic or for backing up. This electric-only
driving mode can further increase fuel efficiency under
some driving conditions.
Staring
When a full
hybrid vehicle is initially started, the battery typically
powers all accessories. The gasoline engine only starts
if the battery needs to be charged or the accessories require
more power than available from the battery. For initial
acceleration and slow-speed driving, as well as reverse,
the electric motor uses electricity from the battery to
power the vehicle.
If the battery
needs to be recharged, the generator starts the engine and
converts energy from the engine into electricity, which
is stored in the battery.
Cruising
At speeds
above mid-range, both the engine and electric motor are
used to propel the vehicle. The gasoline engine provides
power to the drive-train directly and to the electric motor
via the generator. The generator can also convert energy
from the engine into electricity and send it to the battery
for storage. During heavy accelerating or when additional
power is needed, the gasoline engine and electric motor
are both used to propel the vehicle. Additional electricity
from the battery may be used to power the electric motor.
Braking
Regenerative
braking converts otherwise wasted energy from braking into
electricity and stores it in the battery. In regenerative
braking, the electric motor is reversed so that, instead
of using electricity to turn the wheels, the rotating wheels
turn the motor and create electricity. Using energy from
the wheels to turn the motor slows the vehicle down. If
additional stopping power is needed, conventional friction
brakes (e.g., disc brakes) are also applied automatically.
Stopped
When the
vehicle is stopped, such as at a red light, the gasoline
engine and electric motor shut off automatically so that
energy is not wasted in idling.
All other
systems, including the electric air conditioning, continue
to run.
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